Lamivudine

CAT. No. L120000 

CAS. No. 134678-17-4

Lamivudine is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. Lamivudine is chemically described as 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]. Its molecular formula is C8H11N3O3S and its molecular weight is 229.26 g/mol.

Lamivudine was patented in 1995 and approved for use in the United States in 1995. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

Lamivudine, also widely known as 3TC belongs to a family of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues of cytidine or cytosine that inhibits the Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of retroviruses such as HIV. It is effective against both HIV-1 and HIV-2. It is also used to treat chronic hepatitis B when other options are not possible. Lamivudine is one of the prominent reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Lamivudine may also be used as part of an antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen to prevent mother-to-child transmission (perinatal transmission) of HIV.

Machanism of action

Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue. Lamivudine is phosphorylated intracellularly to lamivudine triphosphate, L-TP. Incorporation of the monophosphate form into viral DNA by hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase results in DNA chain termination. L-TP also inhibits the RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). L-TP is a weak inhibitor of mammalian alpha-, beta-, and gamma-DNA polymerases.

Lamivudine is administered by mouth, and it is rapidly absorbed with a bio-availability of over 80%. Some research suggests that lamivudine can cross the blood–brain barrier. Lamivudine is often given in combination with zidovudine, with which it is highly synergistic. Lamivudine treatment has been shown to restore zidovudine sensitivity of previously resistant HIV. Lamivudine showed no evidence of carcinogenicity or mutagenicity in in vivo studies in mice and rats at doses from 10 to 58 times those used in humans.

Some of the impurities of Lamivudine are tabulated below:

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